TUGAS MATRIKULASI INDONESIAN WARSHIP TYPE OF KIND OF LST IN INDONESIAN NAVY

INDONESIAN WARSHIP TYPE OF KIND OF LST IN INDONESIAN NAVY

Procurement system is one of the crucial issues in defense development. So far, many argue that the procurement system in Indonesia is inefficient and ineffective, which is pointed out there is a lot of waste of costs in the process. On the other hand, the budget provided by the government for defense purposes is still far from actual needs. Therefore, high efficiency is required in the management and utilization of the budget.

In recent years, the government has attempted to set up a procurement system by issuing several policies that essentially lead to a one-door procurement policy. The aforementioned policy is the procurement of defense equipment for the interests of the TNI to be implemented through the Ministry of Defense (Kemhan) as the holder of political authority in defense policy. The one-door procurement policy requires that TNI procurement should follow Kemhan's mechanism and that the TNI can not conduct procurement without being noticed by the Ministry of Defense. Further provisions on guidelines and procedures for procurement of defense equipment shall be regulated by the Minister of Defense in consultation with the LKPP (Government Procurement Policy Institution) in keeping with the procurement order stipulated in Presidential Regulation No. 54/2010 and its amendments.

The policy of procurement systems of defense equipment through a one-door system is a reasonable right of public funds in democratic countries. In the case of an Alutsista that can not be made in the Interior, procurement of armaments wherever possible directly from a trusted manufacturer and cooperate with industry and / or research institute in the Interior. Associated with the industry in the Interior then raises the need for ToT (Transfer of Technology) in each dimension.

Although not the strongest sea power in Southeast Asia, because of the strongest Navy position held by the Navy of Singapore, but until now the Navy is believed to be the largest fleet of navy in Southeast Asia, meaning in terms of quantity of ships of various types, the Navy is a champion.

Modernization of the Indonesian Military from 2009 to 2014 has brought significant military strength to the Navy. Military modernization 2009-2014 period is called Minimum Essential Force (MEF) Renstra I (2009-2014). MEF is planned to be implemented in 3 stages, namely Renstra I (2009-2014), Renstra II (2015-2019) and Renstra III (2020-2024).

In the fleet environment of the Navy, the type of LST and LPD ships are included in the Amphibious Ship Unit (Satfib), which is divided into the Western Fleet and Eastern Fleet. The role of the LST certainly can not be denied, like the existence of C-130 Hercules in the scope of the Air Force, the LST has a role as the backbone of transportation for the Navy, especially in amphibious raid duties. Due to the vastness of Indonesia's marine territory, the Navy has always been 'crowned' as the largest LST operator in Southeast Asia.

Currently the spearhead LST Satfib Navy is still entrusted to the Frosch Class made in East Germany, Frosch Class consists of KRI Bay Gilimanuk 531, KRI Teluk Celukan Bawang 532, KRI Teluk Cendrawasih 533, KRI Teluk Berau 533, KRI Teluk Peleng 535, KRI Teluk Sibolga 536, KRI Teluk Manado 537, KRI Teluk Hading 538, KRI Teluk Parigi 539, KRI Teluk Lampung 540, KRI Teluk Jakarta 541, KRI Teluk Sangkulirang 542, KRI Teluk Cirebon 543 and KRI Teluk Sabang 544. Plus LST variant besutan shipyard Tacoma SY, South Korea. This Korean-made LST consists of KRI Teluk Semangka 512 (full-time), KRI Teluk Penyu 513, KRI Teluk Mandar 514, KRI Teluk Sampit 515, KRI Teluk Banten 516, and KRI Teluk Ende. Even the Navy still operates US-made LST of World War II era, namely KRI Teluk Bayur 502, KRI Teluk Amboina 503, KRI Teluk Ratai 509 and KRI Teluk Bone 511. Identity LST is characterized by code number 5xx and mention of Gulf name in Nusantara .

In every amphibious combat action match involving marine landing titles, tank landing and pansam (amphibious panser), then LST is always always included. Call it an important role of US-made LST during Seroja's operations in East Timor in the 70s, to the role of LSTs in operations of TNI troop landing during security operations against GAM separatists in Aceh.

Indonesian warshipTeluk Bone 511 is a part of the history of the Navy, and the MEF (Minimum Essential Force) drumming program has been echoed, and then embodied with updates on a variety of new armaments, but in reality it does not mean that old warfare tools were immediately removed. As long as the essence and functionality of the tool of war are still needed, some are still in use. In the line of LST fleet (landing ship tank), there is still a ship that belongs very elderly, when it is old age is much older than the most active members of the Navy. What is meant is LST 542 Class made in the US. In the early 60s, especially in welcoming Trikora operations, the Navy began to be flooded with LST to support amphibious landing missions. Continuing in the early 1967s, LST 542 became a player in many World War II matches and the Vietnam War came back again to strengthen the Navy Amphibious Ship Unit. One of them is indonesian warship Teluk Bone 511. Except indonesian warship Teluk Amboina, all LST above is World War II Veteran, especially in its role during Allied troop landing operation on Normandy beach, France in 1944. Some of LST also have dropped by to get involved in operation US in Vietnam in the period 1967 - 1970.

Referring from its history, KRI Teluk Bone which entered LST 542 Class can be classified as light LST, the article of dead weight of this ship is only 1,651 Ton, while for the full weight of the load can reach 4,145 Ton. For comparison, LST Frosch class I weight is normally 1,744 Ton and LST Frosch-II weighs normally 1,530 Ton. While the latest LST Navy, KRI Teluk Bintuni 520, weighs 2,300 tons. This ship has a length of 100 meters and width of 15 meters. Kitchen runway is entrusted to two units of Diesel engines General Motors 12-567 900 HP with two blades propeller and two steering wheel. From the machine, can be reached maximum speed up to 12 knots (equivalent 22 km / hour). About mileage, under normal conditions Bone Bay can roam up to 24,000 miles (38,624 km), at that condition the speed of the ship is pegged 9 Knots with full weight of 3,960 Ton. As an amphibious landing craft, KRI Teluk Bone is equipped with the capability of cargo transport. In addition to being loaded with 17 tank units on the deck tank (lower deck), the main deck (upper deck) is also accessible for in and out of the vehicle, this is possible thanks to the elevator forward after the door on the ramp. In an operation degree, the main deck is often occupied by support vehicles such as trucks, artillery, jeeps, etc. Concerning the load capacity depends on the type of mission it embodies, in general LST 542 class can load loads between 1,600 tons to 1,900 tons.

Not only delivering tanks, KRI Teluk Bone can also carry Marine troops consisting of 16 officers and 147 soldiers. For landing duty troops to the beach, available two units LCVP (Landing, Craft, Vehicle and Personnel). For armaments these ships are designed more on the role needs of PSUs, there are two 40 mm cannon twin cannons (in the bow and stern), four 40 mm single barrel canons, and 12 20 mm single-barrel canons. All are manually operated. This warship as a whole was manned by 7 officers and 104 crew members.

Considering that some Navy LSTs have entered the age of very old devotion, it is a necessity to be reimbursed with this new LST type. It has been summarized in the composition of the list in the MEF (minimum essential force) I. For the purpose of procurement of LST, the Navy ordered 3 new LST units. The Ministry of Defense ordered 2 units from state-owned PT Dok dan Perkapalan Kodja Bahari and 1 unit from private company PT Daya Radar Utama (DRU) located in Lampung Selatan.

KRI Teluk Bintuni consists of 7 floors that are located in sequence starting from the bottom ie A deck is a space for tanks and troop space. Bottom bottom is the bottom deck into a special space ship engine and B deck for troops. Then, the C deck for the crew includes the beds and everyday equipment of the ship's crew. Deck D is also for ship crews and E deck for commanders and officers. Then, deck F for the command room. Finally, deck G aka top deck or compass deck is used to lay two main radar. Not yet explained about the type of radar that will be adopted.

Of the three LST orders Kemenhan RI, the first type is completed is KRI Teluk Bintuni 520 made PT DRU. In terms of dead weight, the weight of the ship is empty, then Bintuni Bay weighs 2,300 tons into the largest LST of the Navy. For comparison LST artificial Tacoma have dead weight of 1800 tons, while smaller, LST Frosch Class weighs 1,530 tons. The large weight of the Bintuni Bay KRI was correlated with the task it carried out, where it was designed to carry the Leopard MBT (main battle tank).

This ship can carry 10 units of heavy Leopard 2A4 MBT each tank reaches 62.5 tons. A big leap, if the previous Navy LST was only familiar carrying light tanks with a weight per tank only a dozen tons. In addition, KRI Teluk Bintuni can carry 2 units of helicopters, this ship is equipped with two helipads with hangar facilities. Quoted from the site Saibumi.com, this ship has a length of 120 meters, 18 meters wide, with a height of 11 meters. Speed is 16 knots with 2 × 3285 KW main engine powered by two engines.